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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
The XOR or Exclusive OR Gate is a special type of logic gate used in digital electronics to perform the exclusive OR operation. The XOR gate takes two inputs and produces an output depending on the combination of the two inputs applied. In, this article will explain the complete theory of the XOR gate along with its truth table, Boolean expression, logic symbol, circuit diagram, and more.Table of ContentWhat is XOR Gate?Construction of XOR Gate Using TransistorXOR GATE Implementation using NAND GATEXOR GATE Implementation using NOR GATEThree Input XOR GATEApplications of XOR GateAdvantages and DisadvantagesSolved Example of XOR GateConclusionFrequently Asked Questions (FAQ's)What is XOR Gate?In digital electronics, there is a logic circuit called XOR Gate that takes two inputs and produces an output which is the result of the exclusive OR operation performed on the combination of inputs. This logic gate produces a high or logic 1 output when both of the inputs are dissimilar, otherwise, it produces a logic 0 output.Operations of XOR GateWe can explain the operation of the XOR gate as follows:Returns 1, if the number of logical high input is odd.Returns 0, if number of logical high input is even.Say we have two inputs, A and B and the output is called X, then the expression is:The Boolean expression of XOR Gate is as follows:X = A'B + AB'Symbol of XOR GateThe logic symbol of XOR gate is shown in the following figure. In this figure, the variables A and B represent the input lines and A'B + AB' is the output of the XOR gate.XOR Gate Logic Symbol and Truth TableTruth Table of XOR GateThe truth table of an XOR gate is given below. This table shows the relationship between inputs and output of the XOR gate. This also provides information about the operation of XOR gate for different input combinations.It is important to note that we do not have a single XOR gate with three or more input lines. Only two input XOR gate exists. But in case if we need an XOR gate which has more than two input lines, we simply combine multiple two-input XOR gates to obtain the desired XOR gate.Construction of XOR Gate Using TransistorWe can implement exclusive OR gate using transistor. Here is the circuit showing the connection of different circuit elements that are combined to implement the XOR operation.XOR Gate using NPN TransistorWorking of the CircuitWe will understand this circuit with the help of different scenarios of input in case of 2 input XOR gate:CASE I: When both the inputs are zero. (A=0, B=0)When both the inputs A and B are zero then transistors Q1,Q2,Q4 and Q5 are open circuit so the LED will not glow because both Q4 and Q5 are open so the negative pin of LED is not connected to the ground. CASE II: When one input if logical high and other is logical low (A=1, B=0)In this case we can easily see that Q4 is working as close circuit now. So the negative pin
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