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Author: Admin | 2025-04-27
Into the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of surface deformation in both east–west and vertical directions, with a particular focus on the relationship between cumulative deformation and geological factors such as stratigraphy and fault distribution, as well as rainfall. Furthermore, an analysis of the causes of uplift deformation at the bottom of the pit is conducted from the perspective of tectonic stress distribution, revealing uplift phenomena triggered by local stress release or geological structures. This analysis not only enhances the understanding of deformation mechanisms in the mining area but also provides important theoretical and data support for the safety management and disaster prevention of the mine. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Study AreaThe Buzhaoba open-pit mine is located in Kaiyuan City, Honghe Prefecture, southeastern Yunnan Province, China, with a central geographic coordinate of 103°10′50″E and 23°48′3″N (Figure 1). Established in 1953, the mine has evolved into a deep, bowl-shaped open-pit with a depth of 280 m, stretching 2.8 km east–west and 2.7 km north–south, covering an area of approximately 9.7658 km2. It is the largest developed lignite mining area in Yunnan Province, with an annual production capacity of 13 million tons. The study area experiences a subtropical plateau monsoon climate, influenced by its low latitude, high altitude, and monsoon activities. There are distinct dry and wet seasons, with rainfall concentrated from May to September, accounting for over 80% of the annual precipitation.The mining area is primarily characterized by two types of geological structures: folds and faults (Figure 2).The folds primarily include the Wen-Tong Mountain Anticline and the Wen-Bi Mountain Anticline. The Wen-Tong Mountain Anticline is a reversed fold composed of the Xiaolongtan Formation members 1 and 2 (N1-2x1-2) and member 3 (N1-2x3). The Wen-Bi Mountain Anticline has an axial direction of northeast–southwest, with its axis covered by Neogene strata near the axis.The
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