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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
"Kola Superdeep" redirects here. For the Russian horror film, see The Superdeep.Kola Superdeep Borehole SG-3Superstructure of the Kola Superdeep Borehole, 2007LocationKola Superdeep Borehole SG-3Location of the borehole in Murmansk Oblast, RussiaKola Superdeep Borehole SG-3Kola Superdeep Borehole SG-3 (Murmansk Oblast)LocationPechengsky DistrictProvinceMurmansk OblastCountryRussiaCoordinates69°23′47″N 30°36′36″E / 69.3965°N 30.6100°EProductionTypeScientific boreholeGreatest depth12,262 metres (40,230 ft)HistoryOpened1965Active1970–198319841985–19921994Closed1995The Kola Superdeep Borehole SG-3 (Russian: Кольская сверхглубокая скважина СГ-3, romanized: Kol'skaya sverkhglubokaya skvazhina SG-3) is the deepest human-made hole on Earth (since 1979), which attained maximum true vertical depth of 12,262 metres (40,230 ft; 7.619 mi) in 1989.[1] It is the result of a scientific drilling effort to penetrate as deeply as possible into the Earth's crust conducted by the Soviet Union in the Pechengsky District of the Kola Peninsula, near the Russian border with Norway.SG (СГ) is a Russian designation for a set of superdeep (Russian: сверхглубокая) boreholes conceived as part of a Soviet scientific research programme of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Aralsor SG-1 (in the Pre-Caspian Basin of west Kazakhstan) and Biyikzhal SG-2 (in Krasnodar Krai), both less than 6,810 metres (22,340 ft) deep, preceded Kola SG-3, which was originally intended to reach 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) deep.[2] Drilling at Kola SG-3 began in 1970 using the Uralmash-4E, and later the Uralmash-15000 series drilling rig. A total of five 23-centimetre-diameter (9 in) boreholes were drilled, two branching from a central shaft and two from one of those branches.In addition to being the deepest human-made hole on Earth, Kola Superdeep Borehole SG-3 was, for almost three decades, the world's longest borehole in measured depth along its bore, until surpassed in 2008 by a hydrocarbon extraction borehole at the Al Shaheen Oil Field in Qatar.[3]Kola Superdeep Borehole, commemorated on a 1987 USSR stampDrilling at Kola SG-3 began on 24 May 1970 using the Uralmash-4E, a serial drilling rig used for drilling oil wells. The rig was slightly modified to be able to reach a 7,000-metre (23,000 ft) depth. In 1974, the new purpose-built Uralmash-15000 drilling rig was installed onsite, named after the new target depth, set at 15,000 metres (49,000 ft).[4]On 6 June 1979, the world depth record then
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