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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
Byproduct (Xu et al., 2020a). For example, as Cu smelters produce every ton of Cu, flue dust will be produced in the range of 20–480 kg with a weighted average of 200 kg (Goonan, 2005). Based on an estimated Cu production of 20.0 Mt in 2019 (USGS, 2020), the annual production of flue dust by Cu smelters worldwide could be roughly 4.0 Mt. Flue dust generally consists of small particles of unreacted concentrate or flux, droplets of slag that do not settle into the slag layer in the furnace, and volatilized elements such as As, Sb, Bi, and Pb, which either solidify as the gas cools or react to form nonvolatile compounds (Schlesinger et al., 2011). Arsenic in flue dust can be up to 53wt.% in the major form of As2O3, which is the greatest environmental concern (Jarošíková et al., 2018). The complete recycling of As-rich flue dust to commercial-grade As2O3 is feasible in technique but unviable in economics due to a worldwide excess of As2O3. Therefore As-rich flue dust is usually not processed to recover As2O3 and must be stockpiled for future treatment or disposed of in landfill sites (Jarošíková et al., 2018).Given that As-rich flue dust has poor environmental stability with As leaching concentrations up to ~5200 mg/L, S/S is required before being accepted at any landfill sites. Lime stabilization is an effective method to treat As-rich flue dust from nonferrous metallurgy. By transforming soluble As into insoluble Ca-As precipitates (such as Ca arsenites and/or Ca arsenates), the
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