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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
In UAVs image; (b) Identified fissures. Figure 10. UAV image on 10 April 2022, revealing the ground fissures induced by the central collapse in the working face (dynamic fissures perpendicular to the direction of the working face). (a) Fissures feature in UAVs image; (b) Identified fissures. Figure 11. Ground fissures approximating parallel to the mining direction above the laneway (UAVs Image on April 10, 2022). (a) Fissures feature in the UAVs image; (b) Identified fissures. Figure 11. Ground fissures approximating parallel to the mining direction above the laneway (UAVs Image on April 10, 2022). (a) Fissures feature in the UAVs image; (b) Identified fissures. Figure 12. Ground fissures developing obliquely at an angle of 20–30° to the mining direction above the laneway (UAVs Image on 22 December 2022). (a) Fissures feature in UAVs image; (b) Identified fissures. Figure 12. Ground fissures developing obliquely at an angle of 20–30° to the mining direction above the laneway (UAVs Image on 22 December 2022). (a) Fissures feature in UAVs image; (b) Identified fissures. Figure 13. Ground fissures and DSM extracted of UAVs image on 14 April 2023. Figure 13. Ground fissures and DSM extracted of UAVs image on 14 April 2023. Figure 14. Aerial map of the funnel-shaped collapse pit and topographic images on the west side of the No. 22308 working face (UAVs Image on 14 April 2023). (a) Features in UAVs image; (b) Identified fissures and collapse pit. Figure 14. Aerial map of the funnel-shaped collapse pit and topographic images on the west side of the No. 22308 working face (UAVs Image on 14 April 2023). (a) Features in UAVs image; (b) Identified fissures and collapse pit. Figure 15. Spatial distribution pattern of ground fissures development caused by multiple coal mining activities. Figure 15. Spatial distribution pattern of ground fissures development caused by multiple coal mining activities. Table 1. Confusion matrix for ground fissures extraction task. Table 1. Confusion matrix for ground fissures extraction task. Prediction Ground FissuresNon-FissureGround TruthGround fissuresTPFNNon-fissureFPTN Table 2. Comparison of characteristics of various ground fissures induced by coal mining. Table 2. Comparison of characteristics of various ground
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