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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
Specific gravity is a fundamental concept in science that allows us to understand the physical and chemical properties of various substances. This measurement is essential in fields ranging from chemistry and geology to the food industry and engineering.In this article, we will explain in detail what specific gravity is, how it is calculated, its real-world applications, and its importance in everyday life.What is specific gravity?Specific gravity, often abbreviated as GE or SG, is a measurement that compares the density of a substance to the density of water at a specific temperature and pressure.In other words, specific gravity tells us how much denser or less dense a material is compared to water.Definition of densityDensity refers to the amount of mass contained in a specific volume. In the International System of Units (SI), density is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).The density of water at standard temperature and pressure is approximately 1 g/cm³.Specific Gravity FormulaThe formula to calculate specific gravity is:Where:GE represents specific gravity.ρ s is the density of the substance.ρ H2O is the density of water at the same temperature and pressure.Calculation exampleFor example, if the density of a substance is 2 g/cm³ and it is under the same conditions as water (1 g/cm³), then the specific gravity of that substance is 2.UnitsIt is important to note that specific gravity is a ratio and therefore has no units. The units of density (kg/m³) cancel out in the division, leaving the dimensionless value of specific gravity.Table with example valuesHere is a table that includes different substances, including oil, honey and substances related to nuclear energy, with their densities, specific gravities and descriptions. They are ordered from highest to lowest specific gravity:SubstanceDensity (kg/m³)Specific gravityDescriptionUranium1905019.05A dense metallic element used in nuclear reactors.Plutonium1981619.82A radioactive element used in the
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