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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
Enhanced selectivity towards atherosclerosis. 3.1.3. Titanium Dioxide NanoparticlesTiO2 is a prevalent material for biomedical applications used mainly in bone and tissue engineering owing to its ability to induce cell adhesion, osseointegration [83], cell migration and wound healing [84]. In vivo experiments with non-modified TiO2 upon 365 nm light irradiation indicated tumor growth suppression in glioma-bearing mice together with higher mice survivability [85]. Nitrogen-doped anatase NPs revealed higher visible light absorbance than neat TiO2 and at a concentration of 0.5 mg mL−1 resulted in 93% cell death of melanoma cells under UV light [86]. The authors also found that depending on the type of cancer, the sensitivity of cancer cells to modified NPs may vary significantly. However, the penetration of UV light through tissues is low and harmful and, therefore, photodynamic therapy related to tissue overhealing is significantly limited [87].When titania nanotube arrays with 100 ± 10 nm diameter were decorated with TiO2 NPs, a significant increase in the specific surface and, therefore, loading efficiency of ibuprofen (an anti-inflammatory drug) was observed [88]. The release efficiency of gentamicin-loaded anodic TiO2 was compared for both nanotubes with and without a 2.5 μm thick coat of chitosan and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) [89]. In contrast to uncoated NPs that release the drug after 2 weeks, the modified nanooxide demonstrated extended-release up to 22 and 26 days for chitosan and PLGA, respectively. In 2018, Masoudi et al. [90] prepared TiO2 NPs with inherited fluorescence properties and high doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) loading capacity. In vitro cytotoxicity test on human osteosarcoma (SaOs-2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines revealed higher anticancer efficacy (lowered IC50 concentration by 5.5- and 3 fold for MCF-7 and SaOs-2, respectively) and better imaging for intercellular tracking of DOX loaded NPs relative to free DOX. In another study, diamond-shaped TiO2 NPs were functionalized with PEG chains and loaded with DOX [91]. In acidic conditions associated with cancer cells, DOX was almost entirely released. During in vivo tests, Bulb/c mice bearing H22 tumors showed smaller tumor volumes when treated with the complex drug nanocarrier as compared with DOX-free treated groups.It follows that MONPs in combination with target molecules and drugs offer an efficient platform for delivery of therapeutics thanks to either simple delivery or other active release mechanisms. In that way, fewer adverse effects in health cells occur while the amount of the therapeutic agent is significantly lower. By assessment of a mixture of
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