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Author: Admin | 2025-04-27
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nios IIDesignerAltera/IntelBits32-bitDesignRISCEndiannessLittle-EndianOpenNoRegistersGeneral-purpose32Nios II is a 32-bit embedded processor architecture designed specifically for the Altera family of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) integrated circuits. Nios II incorporates many enhancements over the original Nios architecture, making it more suitable for a wider range of embedded computing applications, from digital signal processing (DSP) to system-control.Nios II is a successor to Altera's first configurable 16-bit embedded processor Nios, introduced in 2000.[1]Intel announced the discontinuation of Nios II in 2023, with its successor being Nios V, based on the RISC-V architecture.[2]Like the original Nios, the Nios II architecture is a RISC soft-core architecture which is implemented entirely in the programmable logic and memory blocks of Altera FPGAs. Unlike its predecessor it is a full 32-bit design:32 general-purpose 32-bit registers,Full 32-bit instruction set, data path, and address space,Single-instruction 32 × 32 multiply and divide producing a 32-bit result.The soft-core nature of the Nios II processor lets the system designer specify and generate a custom Nios II core, tailored for his or her specific application requirements. System designers can extend the Nios II's basic functionality by, for example, adding a predefined memory management unit, or defining custom instructions and custom peripherals.Custom instructions[edit]Similar to native Nios II instructions, user-defined instructions accept values from up to two 32-bit source registers and optionally write back a result to a 32-bit destination register. By using custom instructions, the system designers can fine-tune the system hardware to meet performance goals and also the designer can easily handle the instruction as a macro in C.For performance-critical systems that spend most CPU cycles executing a specific section of code, a user-defined peripheral can potentially offload part or all of the execution of a software-algorithm to user-defined hardware logic, improving power-efficiency or application throughput.Memory Management Unit[edit]Introduced with Quartus 8.0, the optional MMU enables Nios II to run operating systems which require hardware-based paging and protection, such as the Linux kernel. Without an MMU, Nios is restricted to operating systems which use a simplified protection and virtual memory-model: e.g., μClinux and FreeRTOS.Memory Protection Unit[edit]Introduced with Quartus 8.0, the optional MPU provides memory protection similar to that provided by an MMU but with a simpler programming model and without the performance overhead associated with an MMU.Nios II classic is offered in 3 different configurations: Nios II/f (fast), Nios II/s (standard), and Nios II/e (economy).Nios II gen2 is offered in 2 different configurations: Nios
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